Glycolic Acid
What is Glycolic Acid?
Glycolic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) primarily derived from sugar cane. Known for its small molecular size, it is one of the most effective and well-researched members of the AHA family. In dermatology, glycolic acid is often used for its exfoliating properties, which aid in removing dead skin cells, promoting cell turnover, and rejuvenating the appearance of the skin.
How Does Glycolic Acid Work?
Glycolic acid offers multiple benefits for skincare:
Exfoliation: Breaks down bonds between dead skin cells on the surface layer, facilitating their removal and revealing brighter, fresher skin
Anti-Aging: Stimulates collagen production, which can reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles
Hyperpigmentation: Lightens discolorations such as sunspots, age spots, and melasma
Acne Treatment: Clears and minimizes pores, improving skin clarity in certain types of acne
Improved Product Absorption: By removing the dead skin cells, glycolic acid enhances the penetration and efficacy of subsequent skincare products
What are Possible Side Effects of Glycolic Acid?
While generally safe for most skin types, glycolic acid can cause:
Redness
Irritation or burning sensation
Dryness or flakiness
Mild to moderate peeling
Increased sun sensitivity
It's crucial to use sun protection, including sunscreen, when incorporating glycolic acid into a skincare routine, as the newly exposed skin is particularly vulnerable to sun damage.
How is Glycolic Acid Used?
Glycolic acid is available in various formats and concentrations:
Over-The-Counter Products: Includes face washes, lotions, creams, and serums suitable for daily use
Professional Chemical Peels: Dermatologists or licensed estheticians administer these, which contain higher concentrations of glycolic acid for more intensive treatment
Combination Treatments: Glycolic acid is often combined with other active ingredients in skincare products to enhance benefits
Precautions:
Start with a lower concentration of glycolic acid and gradually increase as your skin builds tolerance
Consult a healthcare provider or dermatologist for personalized advice and supervision